Eating Breakfast for Success free essay sample

Breakfast and Learning Impact of Breakfast on Learning in School Ming Wen University of Massachusetts Boston Dr. Sheree Conrad Psychology 101 Fall 2012 Abstract In this investigation, we will contemplate the effect of breakfast on learning in school. Understudies in a few classes will be overviewed on their morning meal dietary patterns and their own grades. It will be a one-time review through the span of one test. Variables that will be put getting looked at are the measure of times every individual contemplated and the measure of rest they had the prior night. Numerous explores have been led demonstrating that there are critical connections between having breakfast and instructive exhibitions. This examination theorizes that understudies who had breakfast will improve on tests than understudies who didn’t have breakfast. Effect of Breakfast on Learning in School Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012) led a review with 608 youths age 11-18 examining in the case of skipping breakfast affects instructive exhibitions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Having Breakfast for Success or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The overview was to decide whether the individuals who have breakfast day by day have a superior end-term-grade than the individuals who skips breakfast. Thus, the individuals who have breakfast every day performed preferred in school over the individuals who don’t have breakfast. The outcome additionally shows that individuals who dozed late will in general slip breakfast, however rest had no impact on exhibitions. The outcomes applied to more seasoned and more youthful understudies likewise young men and young ladies. Another hybrid path has been finished by Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. (2008), the path was applied on secondary school understudies age 13-20. Understudies were appointed to two gatherings: one with breakfast and who without breakfast. They analyzed subjective elements of understudies in each gathering. Subsequently, Breakfastâ had no impact on giving more consideration in class among understudies, however it has a transient impact on self-evaluation and individual execution among the understudies. Pollitt, Ernesto et al. (1982-1983) found that â€Å"the timing and supplement sythesis of dinners have intense and evident impacts on conduct. † They led research on kids 9-11 yrs. old in controlled gatherings of fasting (breakfast) and non-fasting. They gave these youngsters numerous tests, for example, evaluation of IQ, the Matching Familiar Figures Test, and Hagen Centralâ€Incidental Test. Glucose andâ insulinâ levels were additionally estimated. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012) found that â€Å"neural arrange movement engaged with handling numerical data is practically upgraded andâ performanceâ is improved in youngsters who have eatenâ breakfast. † Meanwhile understudies who didn't have breakfast will require progressively mental exertion to take care of scientific issues. This establishing was conceivable by estimating the electroencephalographic (EEG) action of children age 7-11 while they are taking care of math issues. Children who had breakfast indicated higher recurrence EEG movement though the other way around for kids who didn't have breakfast. The proposed examination is intended to research whether breakfast affects how well an understudy perform on his/her test. We can accept that every understudy has a general information regarding the matter and that they are set up to step through the exam. Questions that will be raised during this analysis are 1. regardless of whether an individual ought to have breakfast before test and 2. what amount should we eat for it to be think about a solid breakfast. Technique The proposed investigation is an overview for understudies age 15-22 in secondary schools and universities. Overviews should isolate members into male or female. This review is directed on understudies taking math courses and quantities of guys and female ought to be even in each age gathering. It is ideal to direct the study on members inside similar classes. Inquiries will be posed is number of rest every understudies had the prior night. Regardless of whether they ate in the first part of the day. How regularly do they have breakfast. Likewise have the understudies list the morning meal they had in the first part of the day. Conversation This conversation area will address useful and methodological troubles in doing this review. Additionally ethnical foundation issue will be put getting looked at. A few troubles we may experience when taking a review may be each individual’s dietary patterns, some may eat more than others and the food they devour are extraordinary. Likewise medical problems may influence a person’s execution, for instance, an individual that weighs 130 pounds may have various outcomes in execution contrasted with an individual who is weigh 220 pounds regardless of whether they devour a similar measure of nourishment for breakfast. Likewise close to home perspectives will influence the study. A few people have better expectations than others and normally, the individuals with better expectations will invest more energy to get a higher evaluation than understudies with settle for what is most convenient option. This additionally raises the issue of ethnicity and foundations since certain individuals have better standards and various societies have various propensities for eating. In future examinations, I might want to lead this overview to a more extensive age gathering, for example, kids from age 5-13 and grown-ups from age 25-40. The grown-up mind is more evolved than children’s cerebrums and breakfast may differently affect youngsters and grown-ups. Likewise this overview can be ventured into testing on a more extensive scope of assignments. Rather than math tests it very well may be test on different subjects, and different occupations, for example, a person’s execution in an office or foundation. The study ought to likewise consider various sorts of individuals, for example, individuals with extraordinary necessities contrasted with an individual with ordinary capacities. References Boschloo, Annemarie, et Al. (2012). The connection betweenâ breakfastâ skipping and school execution in young people. Psyche, Brain, and Education, Vol 6(2), Jun, 2012. pp. 81-88. Widenhorn-Muller, Katharina et al. 2008) Influence of havingâ breakfastâ on cognitiveâ performanceâ and disposition in 13-to 20-year-old highâ school understudies: Results of a hybrid preliminary. Pediatrics, Vol 122(2), Aug, 2008. pp. 279-284. Pollitt, Ernesto et al. (1982-1983). Fasting and intellectual capacity. Diary of Psychiatric Research, Vol 17(2), 1 982-1983. pp. 169-174. Pivik, R. T. et al. (2012). Eatingâ breakfastâ enhances the proficiency of neural systems drew in during mental math inâ school-matured kids. Physiology Behavior, Vol 106(4), Jun 25, 2012. pp. 548-555.

Discussion for online Healthcare HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Conversation for online Healthcare HRM - Essay Example 2) Although these EQ tests are intended to test the character qualities of the occupant with exactness yet there are consistently odds of blunder and misquote, how would you manage circumstances when a worker (who recently seemed a cooperative person) ends up being a troublesome individual to deal with and keeps the entire group down? Ans: In circumstances where a worker gets hard to manage, the job of chief/boss as a leader is significant. It’s basically reliant on the manager’s authority style and furthermore the character of that specific worker which helps in choosing the path forward. Be that as it may, on the off chance that, where a worker ends up being a solitary player, administrators/managers direct gatherings with them and make them mindful of their lacking and furthermore the ideal conduct. Furthermore, we likewise have an instrument of examinations consistently month, which additionally causes us in investigating the general conduct of the representative and perspectives on colleagues about them. Companion assessments feature various properties of the workers and incase of a need guiding meetings are led. Where a representative seems to make issue over and over, giving, letter of disappointment, notice and show causes sees are the essential strides of serious nature that we take after regular correspondence of dismay by the bosses and directors or division heads. In the event that, where we get steady antagonistic input, we put such staff under probation limiting his capacity to see patients or assume a job in clinic activities. HR office and the division head investigates the topic and afterward choose if the representative can be held or not. If there should arise an occurrence of end, all the medical clinic approaches and state guidelines are followed during partition stage. Ans: We energize and hold collaboration exercises each week, these exercises not just incorporate episodes such

The Jeremy Kyle Show Essay Example for Free

The Jeremy Kyle Show Essay An odd looking couple, both of whom look just as they could have ventured straight out of the arrangement of Little Britain, sit on an open stage while a lot of grown-ups; sit gawping at them as though they were creatures in the zoo. The couple who are so enveloped with a contention that has been as far as anyone knows been continuing for a long time, scarcely notice the way that Jeremy Kyle himself is thinking that its difficult to control himself from shouting at them to compel them to tune in. His outward appearance recounts the manner in which he is willing the couple to grow up and quit acting like spoilt kids. Security watches cover up in the wings, prepared and standing by to bounce in at any second when the contending turns crazy, something that they are accustomed to doing every day. The crowd boo as the male portion of the couple starts to share his side of the story, while the lady sits, holding a tissue to her eyes. Jeremy steps before the couple and requests them to hush up, before starting his long, meandering discourse about how the couple ought to be embarrassed about themselves for how they are acting. This may seem like an incredible scene from a TV cleanser, however in undeniable reality it is an ordinary event on a visit show demonstrated every day on ITV. Supposed to be an approach to help settle family fights and silly issues, The Jeremy Kyle show must be portrayed as a spot for individuals to hang their filthy cleaning out to dry. A portion of the tales highlighted incorporate things as ridiculous as Confess youre a cheat or Ill demonstrate Im the dad of your oldest little girl and Can you demonstrate your children my sibling? This is only two or three the distraught stories that become piece of the program. Some are so staggering youd believe that they had been made up, only for amusement. Its genuine loathsomeness is that the most noticeably awful, all things considered, doesnt originate from the visitors, however from Jeremy himself. His rude remarks and the way that he responds to the various individuals he meets is terrible. He urges the crowd to boo or cheer at individuals, which unquestionably isnt going to help his problemed visitors. The alleged counsel that he gives for the most part causes more damage than anything else and is regularly the focal point of numerous contentions. Continuously through his harsh, rehearsed words, there was the flash in his eyes that parted with this was TV gold and he knew it. Theres no chance that this man set out to really help the individuals who include on his program, more probable that he was out for the cash. How the show is so clearly practiced in advance doesnt stop the many individuals frantic for five minutes of distinction from turning out to be a piece of this trick. Individuals appear to get brought into this bazaar and become focused on turning out to be a piece of it. Jeremy himself publicizes getting onto the program by filling people groups heads with various situations, all as crazy as one another, that the crowd may have ended up in, that they might need to use as an approach to partake in the show. Jeremy sits, leg over leg while perusing out arrangements of issues looks loose and sure about front of the camera, clearly used to being in that sort of circumstance. His advanced way likewise quiets individuals into an incorrect feeling that all is well with the world, believing that going on this projects truly will assist them with working out their over the top issues. Do individuals genuinely accept and pay heed to the refuse that comes out of this keeps an eye on mouth?! The appropriate response is indeed, individuals do. Very why, is obscure yet they do. They assume that this man really hear what hes saying and that the exhortation he gives is really worth tuning in to. The manner in which a few people carry on about this program would make them imagine that it was a quality and helpful thing to watch! A social event of exhausted and effectively lead individuals who participate in it the demonstrate or pick to be in the crowd are accumulated from various regions in the UK all with various feelings to include to what is going. How the program is promoted is misleading, along these lines a few people must be hushed into a bogus impression that it could support them, when in established truth it will in all probability cause more damage than anything else. By and large, everything that could possibly be said for the Jeremy Kyle Show is that it is a gigantic double dealing. Said to take care of a family issue, it really fills family quarrels instead of resolves them. When are individuals really going to discover that to sift through their life, applying to a TV program like this truly isnt going to help?

compulsary military service essays

compulsary military help papers Necessary military assistance joung young men breed for joung man. Everybody have clear, when kid have 18, he need to go to military help, on the off chance that he doesn't concentrating in the college or school. A large number of them are attempting to avoid from compulsary military help, on the grounds that in the general population have a great deal of generalizations about military assistance. Forexample, armed force are laming individuals, when you are at the military help, you have lost one year from your life, etc. Yet, it isn't accurate. Necessary military help are exciplating physical establishing. Trainings consistently and different reviews. Every one of them are idealizing physical wellbeing. I can give a model. I know one person, who enrolled in compulsary military assistance. At the point when he get back, he needed to return, since he was mollified about this couple of months and wasn't disappointed about military help. Why? He said that needs back trainigs in the mornings, on the grounds that in the reality, he can't bear to pay for preparing corridor. Military help offers plausibility to improve physical wellness. Isolated military help's departmental can travel to another country, on the off chance that they are specilized group. There is additionally possibilitys to go the world over, get new companions and learn more dialects. There are some minuses as well. Can to be on some affliction.- passing, or be harmed for somebody. In any case, it doesn't occurs each day. As we probably am aware, in Latvia have numerous issues with spending plan, we can't bear to stay alive expert military assistance in the Latvia. Sanctification gives somewhat prepared forever. It isn't permitted to make a custom for joung young men, senior are keep on doing illegal things. There was a one mishap (I can't recall, however I think, that in Aluksne), when one senior officer murdered jounger warrior. be that as it may, there is one or more. Youthful fighters are getting ready to the consistently custom at the militaru administration. They are preparing their brawns. Recover to the message, I might want to afforce, that nothing else aside from compulsary military... <!

Ford Strategic Management free essay sample

School OF TECHNOLOGY LONDON STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT FORD MOTORS STRATEGIC ANALYSIS Lecturer: Dr. John W Lang SUBMITTED BY ALWYN VARGHESE STUDENT. ID:- 095945-87 UWL ID:- 29002367 UNIVERSITY OF WALES LAMPETER Table of Contents 1. Official Summary. 3 2. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. 1 Reasons behind the acquisitions of Jaguar and land meanderer by Ford 4 3. 2 Reasons behind the offer of Ford puma and land wanderer gathering and UK .. 3. 3 Current systems of Ford engines 7 3. 4 Ford engines conventional methodologies 9 3. 5 Analysis utilizing five powers 11 4 Market investigation of Ford engines. 13 5. Suggestion. 16 6. Index . 16 7. References .. 22 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Ford engines, one of the most driving car businesses on the planet. Missions and objectives of the organization caused them to exceed expectations into the car area. Methodologies and choices made by passage engines acquired them front of the many driving vehicle fabricates. In any case, the ongoing monetary emergency that hit made and furthermore because of the some bogus investigation made portage engines numerous issues. The report manages the vital explanations for the procurement of JLR engines and furthermore manages the purpose behind the offer of JLR to Tata engines. We will compose a custom article test on Portage Strategic Management or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The current methodologies of the passage engines made them to recuperate from the lose that happened in the ongoing decades which is likewise being examined here. Presentation Ford engine organization is a worldwide auto intention industry pioneer situated in Dearborn Michagan. They creates and conveys cars across six landmasses with 1,98,000 workers and around 90 plants overall . Portage offers budgetary types of assistance through Ford engine credit organization. Passage was begun their activities in 1903. They primarily engaged with the creation and the circulation of car vehicles. The organization was established by Henry portage in 1903. It is one of the world’s generally productive and the biggest organizations on the planet, it is positioned as the fourth biggest automaker being controlled and overseen by a family over 100 years . The organization created their initial hardly any models in Detroit ,Michigan. The organization began creation with the model of An out of 1903. Model T was one of the well known model in the early long periods of organization history, it causes the organization to support their activities. (Passage motors,2009) Ford is perhaps the biggest automaker in the Europe. The organization finished their tasks with a net benefit of $2. 7 billion out of 2009. The organization had a great deal of parent organizations like Lincoln, Volvo, and Aston martin. Passage sold their UK auxiliaries Jaguar and Land meanderer to TATA engines of India in walk 2008. The organization announced its biggest yearly misfortune in 2006 of $ 12. billion, it assessed that organization would not come to gainfulness until 2009 however they finished their activities in 2009 with a decent net benefit. (See addendum income and productivity examination of Ford engines) Ford has been at the focal point of a large number of the acquisitions and divestiture exercises in the course of recent years, this was the explanation behind the advancement of Premier auto thought process gathering. The ongoing monetary decay saw portage break up their head car bunch prompting the offer of panther and land meanderer, Aston martin and now Geely bunch situated in china marked an agreement with Ford to secure their Volvo vehicle business. On 28th walk 2010, Geely marked a 1. 8 billion arrangement with Ford to get their Volvo vehicle activities. The Volvo brand has been a piece of passage for a long time and they have had certain arrangements and methodology for building up their vehicles. This report intends to center the accompanying key inquiries . There are sure purposes behind the organization to sell their parent organizations. (edi. essentials . com) (See Appendix 5 available to be purchased History) 1) What are the key explanations for the procurement of puma and land meanderer by Ford? 2) What are the explanations for the offer of Ford JLR gathering to Tata and UK plant conclusion? ) What are the techniques does Ford follow now? Principle BODY 3. 1 REASONS BEHIND THE ACQUISTION OF JAGUAR AND LAND ROVER BY FORD Acquisition history:- Jaguar is a British extravagance vehicle maker ,head quarter in Coventry England . puma was established by sir William Lyons in 1922,made engine cycle side vehicles before they ente r in to the traveler vehicles . organization changed their name to panther after second world war . The Ford engines made proposals to US and UK Jaguar investors in 1989 to purchase their offers . Puma turned into a piece of the portage engines new chief auto intention bunch in 1999. Portage bought land wanderer in 2000, it has been firmly connected with panther. Portage sells extravagant renditions of puma in Britain that bear the Daimler name . Portage paid 3. 3 billion for the Marques, when they purchased Jaguar for 1. 6 billion out of 1989, and 1. 7 billion for Land meanderer in 2000. Puma utilizes almost 20000employees in UK. Portage bought choice of Jaguar got substantial protests from industry eyewitnesses . Panther never loses it’s as one of the most renowned delightfully planned vehicles. The achievement equation of Ford with puma was to keep the picture of the brand and hold the exemplary plan of the panther. Portage made a group called progress group and delegated a portion of its administrators into the board individuals from panther. The organization set three primary goals dependent on three basic issues. 1) Constant improvement of item quality 2) Increased assembling productivity 3) Existing new model projects. Panther vehicles are top notch vehicles that are more well known than extravagance vehicle purchasers . Puma history from 2002 to 2004 says that it made a decent deal. it takes panther from two model lines and 45000 vehicles to 200000 units of yearly creation . Panther plantas are not Fords plants, however with the help of portage puma has changed their assembling activities . (automobile industry. com,2000) Ford bought Land Rover from BMW in 2000 for 1. 85 billion . Land Rover was predominantly situated in Solihull and it has a fantastic worldwide brand with magnificent legacy . Land meanderer utilizes 9500 and produces Land wanderer, Discovery, Range meanderer and free land rough terrain vehicles . at the point when portage assumes control over Land meanderer in 2000 the plant recorded the creation of 166000vehicles in the earlier year . independant business. com) Ford purchases Land meanderer in view of the accompanying explanation 1) The Land wanderer brand known all through the world . it is consummately fit into the Fords developing group of brands. 2) The obtaining encourages the organization to help their luxurary vehicle sections. 3) It causes the organization to accomplish its business target effectively, when land meanderer and e xtend wanderer went under their head auto gathering. Portage has not been solid in the European rough terrain and extravagance utility vehicles on account of that they bought Land meanderer in 2000. Portage paid a major add up to BMW to purchase the land meanderer from them. Land meanderer has a solid brand name their items have a particular look. Passage made its very own group individuals ,it incorporates a portion of the individuals from puma to break down the Land wanderer tasks and help with change in future. Portage utilized Jaguar format ashore meanderer to catch the European market. (autonomous business. com) Ford consolidated activities with Jaguar and Land meanderer is gainful, land wanderer sold 2,26,395 SUV ‘s worldwide in 2007. (See reference section 1 for External components influencing Ford) 3. Explanations for THE SALE OF FORD JLR GROUP AND THE UK PLANT CLOSURE The ascent of deals in 1998 dazzle the administration of passage engines organization later on accomplishment of Jaguar and the entire chief auto mobiles gathering. Since 2004 panther deals brought down to 22%. Different reviews established that the brand had an awful notoriety with respect to their quality issues dull and out dated plans absence of a suv and it is too costly . Panther was one of the least fortunate performing some portion of the Ford, they bombed in their endeavors to expand their puma deals . Passage engines sold their Jaguar and land meanderer to India’s Tata engines restricted for 2. billion of every 2008. It was not as much as what portage paid to procure these brands. Portage early strides to improve the offer of panther indicated positive outcomes yet the organization contributed undisclosed adds up to expand the effectiveness at the UK manufacturing plants . in 2002 Paris Auto show scheele one of the spokes man of portage advised to the correspondents that puma would post a 500 million misfortune. The organization reported in 2004 that it was eliminating positions and decreasing the panther work power . In December 2005 passage revealed that it paid 2. 1 billion to panther to support their rearrangement. (Bloomberg. om) Jaguar overall deals were 60,485 of every 2007 contrasted and a pinnacle of 130,334 out of 2002. In 2007 the Ford engines reported their arrangement to deal their Volvo, panther and Land meanderer marks in Europe since they need to focus more on their North American plant activities. By selling their various brands passage finished their multi year exertion to broaden their deals of extravagance vehicles by procuring European organizations . Among their European extravagance brands Volvo and Land meanderer were productive brands yet Jaguar has vague misfortunes. koeing,B. ,Lippert,J. ,2007. ) (See Appendix 2 for Strategic Rationale and Implication of Ford UK Plant Closure) 3. 3 CURENT STRATEGIES OF FORD MOTORS FORD VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS Michael watchman built up the worth chain approach in 1980s in his book upper hand . all associations exercises, for example, exercises incorporate buying exercises fabricating the items conveyance and promoting of the organization items and administrations . The vale chain ou tline work is a force full investigative apparatus for the vital arranging of an association . To direct the worth chain all the exercises of the association is part into essential and bolster exercises . Essential exercises incorporate

Down Syndrome in Society - Free Essay Example

For over a century Down Syndrome was a condition misunderstood and hidden by society. Kids born with the disability were hidden and sent to asylums to spend the rest of their life concealed away from the world. Parents embarrassment caused by this condition forced them to abandon their own children and pretend they did not exist. Even medical scholars of the time referred to individuals with Down Syndrome as Mongolics, retarded, stupid and a number of insulting descriptive adjectives that make them seem like a mistake in society (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018). Down Syndrome individuals were classified as a type of race, sharing similar physical characteristics of those descending from Mongolia, hence the term Mongolic. It is important to mention the syndrome is named after Langdon Down a scientist from the United Kingdom, who first identified the syndrome as an ethnic classification Mongolian Idiocy. This classification included as Mongolian anyone who had Down Syndrome. He published his paper in 1862 and 1887; however, many of the descriptions and words used to identify the subject under his documents have been dropped by consent as he referred to the individuals as idiots or imbeciles. It was not until 1959 that Jerme Lejeune a French pediatrician and geneticist professor identified Down syndrome as a chromosomal condition. Lejeune observed 47 chromosomes in the cells of individuals with Down syndrome instead of the normal 46 chromosomes. Lejeunes discovery brought light to the study and understanding of Down Syndrome and today people living with the condition are able to live a normal fulfilling life as an essential and integrated part of society. The World Health Organization describes down syndrome as a type of mental retardation caused by extra genetic material in chromosome 21. It also explains that if during the formation of gametes, genetic material fails to separate and it results in a full or partial extra copy of chromosome 21, the extra chromosome is called trisomy 21. This process is called Nondisjuntion (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018). There are three types of down syndrome: trisomy 21, translocation, and mosaicism. Trisomy 21 is the most common of all three types, the person has three copies of chromosome 21, instead of the normal two copies. This is caused by irregular cell division through the development of the sperm cell. Translocation is the least common, it occurs when a part of chromosome 21 becomes attached (translocated) onto another chromosome, before or at conception. They have the usual two copies of chromosome 21, but they also have extra genetic material from chromosome 21 attached to another chromosome. The rarest type of Down syndrome is mosaicism. A person with mosaicism has only some cells with an extra copy of chromosome 21. The abnormal cell division after fertilization is what causes the mosaic of normal and abnormal cells. (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018) The exact cause of Down syndrome has not been identified, but the mothers age is a great indicator that the condition may present as it correlates the fact that the older the mother the greater the possibilities of having a child with Down Syndrome. However, recent studies have shown that in 5% of the cases the extra chromosome has been traced back to the father. Not enough information exist that could confirm whether or not socio-economical, environmental conditions nor the behavior of the parents at the time of conception could be a cause of Down Syndrome, which means that anyone regardless of their socio-economical condition could have a child with Down Syndrome. The Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, reported that approximately one in every seven hundred babies in the United States is born with Down Syndrome affecting approximately two hundred and fifty thousand families in the United States alone, while the World Health Organization estimates one in one thousand, one hundred births are affected worldwide (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018). It is estimated that the world population of individuals with Down Syndrome is about six million people. Although detection of the condition is possible early during the pregnancy thanks to a non-invasive medical procedure called amniocentesis, more parents are choosing to continue the pregnancy and give an opportunity for life to the baby. Down syndrome babies are born the same size as healthy babies but they grow at a much slower pace and have very distinctive physical characteristics as well as intellectual deficiencies and higher risk for medical conditions. According with the World Health Organization Down Syndrome also increases an individuals medical conditions as follows: Increases the chances of Alzheimers disease, seizures, sleep apnea; forty to forty five percent have a congenital heart defect that causes problems because of their hearts shapes or functioning; it increases the chances of childhood leukemia, thyroid disorder in adolescence and respiratory problems. Eighty percent of children with down syndrome have hearing problems due to fluid buildup. (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018) Down also limits the individuals intellect slowing down their ability to think, be rationale, comprehend and be social; it also limits their physical development and ability to crawl, walk and talk. In adulthood they may also suffer from dementia. However, early treatment may help the individuals affected reach important milestones a lot sooner and have a full meaningful life. (B. Reyna-Matiut, 2018) The National Down Syndrome Society indicates down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition as well as the leading cause of intellectual and developmental delay in the U.S. and in the world. Understanding what causes Down Syndrome, who is affected by the condition, what are the medical, physical and intellectual limitations an individual with Down syndrome must endure during their lives, funding the necessary research to find a cure to prevent the extra chromosome to duplicate, and providing the necessary treatment for those living with the condition are just some of the goals of local and international Non-for-Profit organizations who look to find the answers to Down Syndrome. Not all individuals with Down Syndrome suffer from the same levels of physical, metal or intellectual disability, and they are able to live meaningful lives if giving the opportunity. Each an everyone should be treated on an individual basis while providing them with the moral support they need to pursuit their dreams as anyone else.

HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment in Tanzania and Botswana - 825 Words

HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment in Tanzania and Botswana (Essay Sample) Content: HIV/AIDS Prevention and Treatment in Tanzania and BotswanaName:Institution:Course:IntroductionThe HIV/AIDS epidemic has emerged as one of the most important socioeconomic and development problems globally. This has led to the recognition that only sustained national response engaging all sectors of the society in meaningful prevention and treatment strategies can slow down the epidemic. This essay sets out a comparative analysis of the health sector response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic in terms of transmission prevention and treatment in Tanzania and Botswana.The first cases were reported in Tanzania in 1983 and the numbers have continued to soar while Botswana reported its first case in 1985 and initially faced one of the most severe HIV epidemics in the world.Prevention of transmission of HIV/AIDS in Tanzania and BotswanaIn Tanzania, public health efforts are mainly aimed at creating and sustaining increased awareness through information sharing, education and targeted advocacy and information for behavior change across all sectoral levels. According to Hunsmann (2012), specific transmission prevention measures include making blood and blood products including blood transfusion safe, early diagnosis of HIV infections through VCTs coupled with early and effective treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) with particular emphasis on high risk behavior groups like sex workers, people involved in transactional sex and teenagers. The public health initiatives further aims to promote safe sex practices like non-penetrative sex and condom use by increasing availability and encouraging consistent use of condoms, faithfulness to partners and abstinence where necessary. Need to expand prevention strategies have also seen the introduction and targeted roll-out of medical male circumcision especially in areas with high prevalence like Kagera and Mbeya where circumcision is not conducted as a cultural practice (URTMH, 2013)Focus has also been on the prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) to option B+ which has led to the implementation of new guidelines to offer HIV-positive and breastfeeding mothers Anti Retroviral Treatment (ARV) regardless of their level of CD4 count with these services being provided free of charge to mothers. Trials have also being carried out on the feasibility of biological prevention methods using vaginal microbiocides in women (URTMH, 2012). All these strategies are hinged on effective and active community involvement and empowerment to help come up with appropriate approaches and methodologies in the prevention of HIV infections and hence emphasis is on community involvement.According to GBMH (2012) strong public health policies regarding transmission prevention have been at the forefront of helping Botswana to successfully sustain the fight against HIV. Such policies, unlike in Tanzania, require healthcare workers to take every opportunity to screen all patients for HIV at all treatment centers. Safe male circumcision has also been adopted as a prevention strategy. This is because it has been proven that circumcision reduces the chances of a man contracting HIV during vaginal intercourse by up to 60%. A male circumcision in Botswana is a national program unlike in Tanzania where ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s targeted at specific locations. Botswana has also encouraged the adoption of anti-retroviral treatment for HIV prevention and pre-exposure prophylaxis especially for high risk individuals like discordant couples. This was especially after it was shown ARV treatment significantly reduced chances of transmission from HIV-infected partners in discordant couples.Public health authorities in Botswana have further adopted universal precaution practices which assume that all bodily fluids are infectious. To that end, healthcare workers when interacting with patients practice safe injection practices to help prevent healthcare workplace transmission. Another strategy adopted is the management of sexually transmitted infections as these more often play a significant role in HIV transmission and acquisition hence proper control and management has been made part of the control program (GBMH, 2012).Sexual misconceptions and myths such as the notion that sleeping with a virgin or infant will cure AIDS and also that showering after having unprotected sex will help prevent transmission are some of the risk factors that have led to high transmission rates. Deliberate and targeted campaigns have been put in place to high light the general populace of the dangers of such beliefs as far as transmission is concerned.Policies regarding treatment in Tanzania and Botswana.To respond to increasing cases of HIV/AIDS public health authorities in Tanzania have initiated a scale up of HIV care and treatment center throughout the country. The current strategy involves initiating ART to individuals with a CD4 count of 350 and promoting an ART regimen simplification using fixed dos e combination. Much emphasis has also been laid on the provision of free treatment for opportunistic infection and HIV related complication (URTMH, 2013).Access to HIV/AIDS treatment in Botswana has remained relatively high, with 95% of all adults in need of treatment receiving it (Chen et al, 2012). The national treatment guidelines recommend treatment provision to patients with a CD4 count of 350cells/mm3 with such patients being put under ARV treatment. Public health protocols in Botswana further recommend Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis to be given to all ages including HIV-exposed babies to provide protection against respiratory and diarrheal pathogens, and post-exposur...