Paradise Lost by John Milton :: Paradise Lost John Milton Essays

Paradise Lost by John Milton John Milton divided the characters in his epic poem Paradise Lost into two sides, one side under God representing good, and the other side under Satan representing evil and sin. Milton first introduced the reader to the character Satan, the representative of all evil, and his allegiance of fallen angels that aided in his revolt against God (Milton 35). Only later did Milton introduce the reader to all powerful God, leader and creator of all mankind (John). This introduction of Satan first led the reader to believe acts of sin were good, just like Eve felt in the Garden of Eden when she was enticed by Satan to eat the fruit off of the Tree of Knowledge (Milton 255). The later introduction of The Almighty had the readers change their feelings towards sin, as the ways of God were introduced to them and these ways were shown to be the way to feel and believe. This levy of good vs. evil carried on throughout the poem with the interaction of Satan and his fallen angels with God and his so n in Heaven.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The common representation of sin and evil came from the lead character in the battle against God, Satan. His name means "enemy of God." He was a former high angel from Heaven named Lucifer, meaning, "light bearer" (John). Satan became jealous in Heaven of God's son and formed an allegiance of angels to battle against God, only for God to cast them out of Heaven into Hell (Milton 35). This did not bother Satan at first since he became the leader in Hell rather than a servant in Heaven. Satan believed that it was, "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven" ( I-l. 263). Much of Satan's reliance on getting things accomplished came from his ability to lie and deceive. He lied to the fallen angels about the Son and his "vice-regency" in Heaven in order for them to follow him instead of The Son. He also concealed his true self by hiding in the body of a serpent when presenting himself to Eve in the Garden of Eden (Blessington 32). She would not have been as easily te mpted into sin had he not concealed his true form. In addition, Satan showed the reader a large amount of anger and destructiveness when he planned his revenge on God (Milton 62). Satan even found pleasure in the pain and destruction of other people and things, "To do aught good never will be our task, / But ever to do ill our soul delight" (qtd.

Palliative Care Essay

Culture is a fundamental part of one’s being which along with spirituality play a significant role in a person’s journey through life. Health beliefs may be strongly tied to a person’s cultural background and spiritual or religious affiliation. Palliative care is the active holistic care of terminally ill patients which demands to maintain the quality of life addressing physical symptoms as well as emotional, spiritual and social needs. This very nature of the palliative care poses challenges to health care workers when addressing a culturally diverse population. Australia is the most multicultural country in the world where its population ranges from the descendants of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to migrants or of descendants of migrants from more than 200 countries. The aim of this essay is to discuss the importance of providing spiritually and culturally competent care for a person and their family receiving palliation. This essay also discuss es how importance is to focus these principles to the culture of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with regards to death and dying. World Health Organisation defines palliative care as â€Å" an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing with life threatening illness through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual†(WHO,2009) . According to Matzo & Sherman (2010) the culture and spirituality are among the most important factors that structure human experience, values and illness patterns and determine how a person interact with the healthcare system. Moreover a person’s beliefs, values, rituals, and outward expressions can impact palliative care either positively or negatively. According to Brown & Edwards (2012) people experiencing the inevitability of death are in need of care givers who are knowledgeable about personal issues and attitude that affect the end of life experience. An adequate understanding of cultural and spiritual matters is vital and beneficial when focussing on dying person’s family needs and wants. According to Geoghan (2008) perception differ among culture in issues such as use of medication, personal space and touching, dietary issues, whether to be cared at home or seek health care facility. Long (2011) states that when determining the decision making and disclosures culture has a significant role to play with spiritual or religious implications. Brown & Edwards (2012) states that culturally expressions physical symptoms especially pain differs in different cultures and leads to ethnic minority groups are often being undertreated in terms of pain medication. Moreover, nonverbal cues such as grimaces, body positions and guarded movements also significance in providing culturally competent care.Ferrell &Coyle (2010) states language has an important role in streaming communication patterns and style between health providers and patients and lack of effective communication may mean less than satisfactory exchanges between health providers, patients and their families in a multicultural society. According to Matzo & Sherman(2010) spirituality is a way to be connected with God as well as to self, fellow human beings and to nature. Moreover, when the terminally ill patients go through critical life adjustments, spirituality considered to be as a domain of palliative care which serves as the binding force for physical, social, and psychological domains of life. According to Ferrell &Coyle (2010) majority of the palliative patients may experience a growth in spirituality and considers spirituality to be one of the most important contributors to quality of life and frequently used as helpful coping strategies for their physical illness. Furthermore, the family caregivers of seriously ill patients also find comfort and strength from their spirituality and considerably assist them in coping .At the same time many of such patients with their uncertainty of life, long term nature of illness, potential for pain, altered body image and confrontation of death may lead to spiritual distress as well (Matzo & Sherman, 2010). Spiritual care is an important factor for both those expressing spiritual wellness and those experiencing spiritual distress during their period of illness (Amoah, 2011). Matzo & Sherman (2010) states that spirituality facilitate coping with chronic pain, disability, sense of illness and provides strength and self-control and thus reduce the anxiety and depression. Furthermore, those who participate in religious services and ceremonies experience a relief from their loneliness and isolative life style and such practices may generate significant support and peace in difficult times for the patient and their family. Brown & Edwards (2012) states that assessment of spiritual need in palliative care is a major factor because spiritualty is not necessarily equate religion and a person do not have particular faith or religion may have deep spirituality. According to Brown & Edwards (2012) awareness and sensitivity to cultural beliefs and practices regarding death and dying is vital when caring end of life patients, especially in a multicultural societies such as Australia. Ferrell & Coyle (2012) states that in spite of strong government initiatives, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people remain a marginalised group with health status significantly below that of other Australians. Consequently Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have high rate of mortality and premature death (McGrath & Philips, 2009). Furthermore, Ferrell & Coyle (2012) states that while addressing palliation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, culturally responsive model of palliative care to be delivered and traditional practices that surrounds care of dying people and death are understood, respected and incorporated in to care. According to Thackrah & Scott (2011) an understanding of cultural, practices, protocols and customs with rega rds loss and grief is of topmost priority when dealing with traditional aboriginal men and women. According to Queensland Health (2013) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander have strong cultural and spiritual concepts about the cause of diseases and death which may conflict with Western explanations and diagnosis of illnesses. According to McGrath & Philips (2008), though the Indigenous Australians adopted many aspects of the non-Indigenous culture over the years, their expectations and rituals around end of life still mostly well connected to their land, culture and tradition. Most of the Aboriginal people have a strong wish to die at home with family, surrounded by their ‘Country’ and in their own community where their spirit belongs (O’Brien &Bloomer, 2012). According to Thackrah & Scott (2011), most people dislike the hospital environment because they believe in the hospital they may experience isolation, structural racism and disempowerment. Since death in a hospital can create stress in the family along with fear and disputes, family protocols to be strictly followed and they have to be given space to finish up with dignity and compassion. During a situation of an expected death of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person, there is usually a gathering of immediate and extended family and friends which are a mark of respect of the patient. Based on the belief that life is a part of a greater journey, it is cultural practice to prepare the person for the next stage in their journey and often the extent of gatherers correlates with the patient’s value to the community. The passing of an elder may induce immense grief and mourning upon the whole community, hence expect many visitors and a grand funeral ceremony that reflects the respect. According to Thackrah & Scott(2011),When a death occurs in traditional indigenous communities in Australia, community members and visiting relatives from elsewhere move away from settlements into a special place called ‘‘sorry camp’’. Also the Indigenous way of grieving is a long process with different phases not only consoling each other but by tradi tional ways of harming themselves. Palliative care is truly a holistic care delivered to patients and family members with life threatening illness by providing physical as well as emotional and spiritual support. It is evident that culture and spirituality are central to palliative care which must be given due consideration at every point of assessing and planning care for patients and families. Although spiritual beliefs might help most people to cope well in the face of illness, for other people such beliefs may be ineffective or problematic. Since health beliefs are strongly associated with culture and spirituality it is critical that healthcare professionals understand and implement best practices in attending to cultural and spiritual needs during their illness journey. The death and dying in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have a crucial cultural significance and health professional must be competent in religious and cultural practices when addressing palliative care. Reference List AmoahC.F. (2011).The central importance of spirituality in Palliative care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 17,353-358.Retreived from http://ea3se7mz8x.search.serialssolutions.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/?V=1.0&pmid=21841704 Brown, D., and Edwards, H. (2012).Lewis’s Medical-surgical nursing (3rd ed.). Chatswood, Elsevier Australia. Ferrell, B.R., & Coyle, N. (2010).Oxford textbook of Palliative Nursing. NewYork, Oxford university press. Geohan, D.A. (2008).Understanding palliative care nursing. Journal of Practical Nursing, 58.6 Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/docview/228052494/fulltextPDF?accountid=36155 Long, C.O. (2011).Cultural and spiritual considerations in palliative care. Journal of Paediatr Hematol Oncol, 33, S-96-101 doi: 10.1097/MPH.0b013e318230daf3. Matzo,M.,& Sherman,D.W.(2010). Palliative care nursing-Quality of care to the end of life (3rd ed.) New York, Springer. McGrath, P. & Phillips, E. (2008). Insights on end-of-life ceremonial practices of Australian Aboriginal peoples. Collegian, 15, 125 – 13.Retreived from http://www.nursingconsult.com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/nursing/journals/1322-7696/full-text/PDF/s1322769608000243.pdf?issn=1322-7696&full_text=pdf&pdfName=s1322769608000243.pdf&spid=21611429&article_id=708072 McGrath, P. & Phillips, E. (2009). Insights from the Northern Territory on Factors That Facilitate Effective Palliative Care for Aboriginal Peoples. Australian Health Review, 33,636-644.Retreived from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/documentSummary;dn=301730371388187; res=IELHEA> ISSN: 0156-5788 O.brien,A & Bloomer,M.(2012). Aborginal palliative care and mainstream services.Australian Nursing Journal ,20,39.Retrieved from http://search.informit.com.au.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/fullText;dn=993462370312798;res=IELHEA Queensland Health. (2013). Sad news, sorry business- Guideline for caring Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through death dying Retrieved from http://www.health.qld.gov.au/atsihealth/documents/sorry_business.pdf Ulrik, J., Foster, D., &Davis, V. (2011). Loss, Greif, Bad luck and sorry business. In R.Thackrah, &Scott (1st Ed.) Indigenous Australian health and Culture (190-2008). Frenchs Forrst,Pearson Australia. World Health Organization. (2009). WHO definition of palliative care, Retrieved from http://www.who.int/cancer/palliative/definition/en/

What Does Begging the Question Mean

Begging the question is a  fallacy in which the premise of an argument presupposes the truth of its conclusion; in other words, the argument takes for granted what its supposed to prove. In Critical Thinking (2008), William Hughes and  Jonathan Lavery offer this example of question-begging: Morality is very important, because without it people would not behave according to moral principles. Used in this sense, the word beg means to avoid, not ask or lead to. Begging the question is also known as  a circular argument, tautology, and petitio principii (Latin for seeking the beginning). Examples and Observations Theodore Bernstein: The meaning of the idiom [beg the question] is to assume as true the very point that is under discussion. . . . Frequently, but erroneously, the phrase is used as if it meant to evade a direct answer to a question. Howard Kahane and Nancy Cavender: Here is an example [of begging the question] taken from an article on exclusive mens clubs in San Francisco. In explaining why these clubs have such long waiting lists, Paul B. Red Fay, Jr. (on the roster of three of the clubs) said, The reason theres such a big demand is because everyone wants to get in them. In other words, there is a big demand because there is a big demand. Begging the Batman Question Galen Foresman: Here is one reason we cannot use: Batman is great and so his gadgetry must be pro. Of course, this would beg the question, since we are trying to figure out why Batman is so great. If you think about this argument, it would go like this: Batman is great because he has awesome gadgetry, and his awesome gadgetry is great because hes Batman, and Batman is great. This argument travels in a circle. To avoid begging the question, we need to straighten that circle out. To do this, we need to justify the greatness of Batman independently of how we already feel about Batman. When Does Misuse Become Use Kate Burridge: [T]ake the very common expression to beg the question. This is certainly one thats currently shifting in meaning. Originally it referred to the practice of assuming something that implies the conclusion or, as The Macquarie Dictionary more elegantly puts it, to assume the point that is being raised in the question. . . . But this is not how beg the question is often used these days. . . . Since the general understanding of beg is to ask for, its hardly surprising that speakers have reinterpreted the phrase beg the question as meaning raise a question. The Lighter Side of Begging the Question George Burns and Gracie Allen: Gracie: Gentlemen prefer blondes.George: How do you know that?Gracie: A gentleman told me so.George: How did you know he was a gentleman?Gracie: Because he preferred blondes.

Whole Foods The Biggest Organic Food Market - 1723 Words

Whole foods is the U.S’s biggest organic food market which has seen unsurmountable success because of its unique organizational setup and its cutting edge business model. Whole foods unique leadership structure and management style of its CEO, John Mackey, are large contributors to its success; along with the business core values. One would wonder, if such a radical culture can me maintained throughout the long run and if it’s so successful, why it wouldn’t work in my organization. Has Whole foods found the game changing formula to management? Briefly describe the organization. Whole foods is a natural/organic food market who has developed a â€Å"game changing business model which is wrapped inside an even more iconoclastic management model† (Hamel, 2007). Whole Foods business and management models creates a competitive work environment that fosters care, trust and innovation. Because of the unique organization and management Whole Foods Market, Inc. is the largest natural-foods grocer in the United States with more than 360 stores in the U. S., Canada and the United Kingdom. Whole Foods 2013 annual sales were $12.9 billion, with an operating profit of $893 million and cash flow of 472 million. What makes Whole Foods successful? Whole Foods has seen successful because of multiple different reasons. The first and foremost would be their business model and the principles under which their management operates. They have self-self-directed teams, empower their employees, careShow MoreRelatedEssay on Whole Foods Market748 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Whole Foods Market: 2010 How to Grow in An Increasingly Competitive Market? Patricia Harasta and Alan N. Hoffman A Case Study Analysis Antonia Jackson MBA Dr. Pamela Barnes 13 October 2013 I. Introduction Whole Foods Market is one of the biggest organic and natural whole food suppliers in the world. They provide a wide variety of select foods that are without hormones or antibiotics and are stamped with the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s stamp of approval. They value the fact thatRead MoreWhole Foods Case980 Words   |  4 PagesWhole Foods Market Case Whole Foods Market has evolved into one of the largest retailers of natural and organic foods. This company s rapid growth and market success has to do with being a mission-driven company. Whole Foods is highly selective about what they sell and are dedicated to their core values. Whole Food s integrated strategy consists of growth, differentiation, merchandising, and customer service. This strategic plan was aimed at expanding its operations to offer high quality andRead MoreWhole Foods Market, 2005: Will There Be Enough Organic Food to Satisfy the Growing Demand?1485 Words   |  6 PagesCase 11 Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the growing demand? Summary Whole food market is the world’s leading retailer of natural and organic food industry. A firm believer in the virtuous circle entwining food chain, human being and mother earth, they conduct their business true and consistent to their business mission and vision by producing the highest quality of products for its customers and high profits for its investors. Being a philanthropist andRead MoreWhole Foods Market : Vision, Core Values, And Strategy Essay1483 Words   |  6 PagesStefan Sjekloca 09/17/2016 Case Study Whole Foods Market in 2014: Vision, Core Values, and Strategy 1) Merchandise strategy, Whole Foods Market concentrates in having an interactive atmosphere in their stores. The way the setup their products makes people want to keep buying, they make it an inviting atmosphere with a lot of colorful dà ©cor, they try to make it a community as itself. In the stores they have a lot of sitting areas like bakeries, coffee shops, open kitchens, and etc. Their main focusRead MoreWhole Foods Entering Foreign Market965 Words   |  4 PagesExecutive Summary: Whole Foods was founded in 1990 with a mission to offer good, wholesome food with an emphasis on natural and organic food. Through a series of acquisitions and expansions Whole Foods is a major grocery store representing organic products in the United States, Canada and the U.K. It is consistently ranked in the top 100 best companies to work for and the top 100 best Corporate Citizens. Business Proposal: This document outlines the possibility of Whole Foods expanding into theRead MoreWhole Foods Inc Case Study1200 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Industry Overview The Whole Foods Inc was founded in 1980 by john Mackey, from a local supermarket store on safe grocery. Since then, it has grown into the world’s largest retail store all kinds of organic and natural foods. As of 2004, the annual sales were recorded as $8 billion. It has approximately 264 stores in the USA, 6 in Canada and 5 in the United Kingdom (Thomson, 2010). The headquarters are located on an 80,000 square feet flagship store in Austin, Texas. Over the yearsRead MoreThe Grocery Market And Natural Food Retail Chain Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe grocery market and natural-food retail chain that is being represented can be explained though the Porter’s 5 Forces Model because it has categories that are important when describing any industry. Porter’s 5 Forces include supplier power, buyer power, established rivals, new entrants, and substitutes and these can all be used to describe how profitable a firm will be in the industry. Supplier power in this marke t is high because of the uniqueness of goods. Buyer power in the market is low dueRead MoreMarketing Plan For Whole Foods Market1554 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction / History / Company Background Whole Foods Market first opened on September 20, 1980 in Austin, Texas, which is the company headquarters. The founders were John Mackey, Renee Lawson, Craig Weller, and Mark Skiles. These four business people decided that the natural food industry was ready for a supermarket format. The current CEO’s are John Mackey and Walter Robb IV (Whole Foods Market History, 2015). Whole Foods Market stock ticker symbol is WFM and their NACIS code is 445110 (WFM MorningstarRead MoreStrategic Management-Whole Food Market Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesStrategic Management-Whole Food Market Whole Foods Market competes in the industry of grocery products. As it come to light from the study his industry is highly competitive. This market’s traites are the low prices and convenience are the dominant factors driving consumers to the supermarkets today. The emergence of the supermarkets in the 1930s was result of a three major changes in society: 1.,The shift in population from rural to urban areas.; 2., An increase in disponsable income.; 3., IncreaseRead More1.The Disruption Of Significant Supplier Relationships1383 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationships could negatively affect the business. The company is overly dependent on its supplier (United Natural Foods, Inc.), more than 30% of their total purchases in 2016 are from the same supplier. If the relationship with the supplier become difficult or it is cancelled the company may face serious problems of supplying. 2. A loss in consumer confidence in the safety and quality of certain food products could materially impact the results of the operations. One of the company’s competitive advantage

The Achaemenid Era Of The Persian Empire - 1652 Words

The Achaemenid Era of The Persian Empire was founded in 550 BCE. At its height of power it the empire â€Å"encompassed approximately 3 million square miles, spanning three continents: Asia, Africa and Europe.† (Persian) The true rise to power of the Persian Empire can be attributed back to one man, Cyrus the Great. Cyrus was born to Camyses I, the King Ansan, and his wife, Mandane. (Religion p. 3) When Cyrus became King his Kingdom was still forced to recognize the Median Lordship of Astyages, a dynasty that had ruled the area for the previous 150 years. In 559 BCE Cyrus formed a rebellion against the Astyages and upon his victory married his daughter Amytis cementing the Medes and Persians together to begin the forming of the Persian Empire. (Briant p. 33) It is believed, although some scholars dispute, that in 547 BCE Cyrus conquered the Lydian Empire and Asia Minor. It must be noted that Cyrus did not attack the Lydian Empire outright, but only responded after Lyd ia attacked the Persian city of Pteria. In response to the attack Cyrus started his campaign against the Lydian empire and did not stop until he had united all of Asia Minor. In 540 BCE Cyrus invaded and conquered the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Again it should be noted that the Neo-Babylonian Empire has conquered many Kingdoms and Cyrus used this as the justification of his invasion. After taking Babylon, Cyrus declared himself â€Å"King of Babylon and King of the four corners of the world.† (Cyrus)Show MoreRelatedThe Empire Of The Persian Empire1051 Words   |  5 Pagesup resulting in a huge change. The leader of the Persian realm named Cyrus was able to gain much territory after a ruler from Lydia named Croesus attempted to provoke Cyrus. Winter was approaching and Croesus was expecting Cyrus to retreat while he retreating back to his capital at Sardis. After, Cyrus was able to invade and take Sardis successfully. This victory over Lydia was significant in aiding the dev elopment and expansion of the Persian empire. There were important social, economic, and culturalRead MoreThe Greek And Persian Empires1156 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the years, many historians have acknowledged that the classical era was a time when Greek and Persian Empires flourished. With that being said, from approximately 323-800 B.C.E., both the Greek and Persian Empire were experiencing periods of economic, political, and artistic growth. The Persians, like the Greeks, were Indo Europeans, and were located by the Mediterranean Sea, which consequently allowed Greeks and Persians to develop similarities. At this time, many emerging civilizations lackedRead MoreHow Did The Persian Kings Control And Govern The Various Parts Of Their Realm?2543 Words   |  11 Pages Griffin Bassman Professor Frame Ancient Near East History 12/5/14 How did the Persian kings control/govern the various parts of their realm? Consider at least three different geographical areas The origins of Cyrus the Great are rather unclear and highly disputed. Multiple accounts range from him being the grandson of the Median King Astyages to being the son of a poor Persian family of a disreputable clan. Although there can be no certainty, as with most everything from the ancientRead MoreThe Capitol And Administrative Center Of Darius Empire906 Words   |  4 Pageslater great Achaemenid empire. 2. Persepolis pg. 162 The capitol and administrative center of Darius massive empire. Significance- The biggest city to exist at the time wit the most complex governing, city structure, and buildings of the era, a massive monument to Darius empire. 3. Satrapies pg. 163 A form of government that allowed people, called satraps, selected by the ruler to govern smaller areas, similar to states and governors. Significance- This system allowed a massive empire to be governedRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1305 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreThe Formation of Achaemenid Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe Formation of Achaemenid Persia has always been known to its own people as Iran ( the land of Aryans ), although for centuries it was referred to as Persia (Pars or Fars ) by Europeans. In 1935 the government specified that it should be called Iran; however, in 1949 they allowed both names to be used. Most people today, know Persia through its carpet , its caviar, or through its importance as one of the worlds major oil producer countries. Yet,Persia has one of theRead MoreThe Rise Of The Century King Cyrus And Emperor Constantine1302 Words   |  6 Pagescentral figures in Judaism and Christianity, two of the world’s major organized religions. Cyrus and Constantine took over many lands and built their huge empires on a religious foundation through their autonomous military, economic policies and religious fanaticisms. King Cyrus of the Persian Empire and Emperor Constantine of the Roman Empire seized control over neighboring cities with their military strength and later introduce their new religious policies onto the inhabitants living in the landRead MoreDay of Empire Essay2004 Words   |  9 PagesDay Of Empire Summer Reading Essay Empires have dominated our globe for centuries on, yet no one has linked the connection between how these empires rise, and what causes their reign to end. Through collective studies, Day Of Empire author  Amy Chua  presents a persuasive theory which argues that hyper powers achieved their world dominance through tolerance of culture and religion, as well as the individuals residing in the conquered society, amassing their talents for the benefit of theRead MoreThe War Of The Persian War854 Words   |  4 PagesGreece there were many famous wars and conquerors, in every era. These wars were all recorded in early history and lasted a couple of years. The only one that was not, or is thought to be made up, is the Trojan War. The only things they can go off of are the stories and the ruins of the city of Troy. Another famous war was the Persian wars. This war was the first big war between the persian empire and Spartans/Athens. After the Persian war, the Peloponnesian war too k place, which was led by spartaRead MoreThe Conquests and Legacy of Alexander the Great Essay860 Words   |  4 Pagesendeavors echoed far and wide, bringing about new eras and ideas to the world. Alexander earned his place in the world’s history and is worthy of the title ‘The Great’ because of his military prowess, his idealism and his legacy. During the course of his life and reign, Alexander had fought and won many battles and wars, defeating many kings and warlords throughout the ancient world. Perhaps his most recognized conquest was of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia and its ‘King of Kings’ Darius III during

Batman essay Free Essays

Brace’s father and mother were killed, when Bruce as a child, insisted that they leave a play hat had bats in it; they were gunned down by a low-life thug, who panicked when things during the robbery got heated. Bruce, left with a guilty conscience that it was his fault that his parents were killed, turned to a life of crime and was eventually sent to Jail. After meeting Era’s al ghoul he was trained to be a warrior. We will write a custom essay sample on Batman essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now To Bruce, this was a chance to try and save Gotcha from people like Falconer. When Bruce was to be tested by executing a prisoner of the League of Shadows (the organization that Bruce was trained by). He couldn’t do it, because if he did, he would be doing the same thing that he is punishing criminals for, so Instead of falling to the dark, and twisted path, he flees the League of Shadows, leaving a destroyed â€Å"DODOS† behind him; a path set for the salvation of Gotcha before him. Bruce decided to use a symbol, the bat to begin his campaign of Justice. Bruce becomes the batman and took his Justice to a corrupted Gotcha, a place his father had set to save, was now In the hands of Bruce Wayne, the Batman. Batman brought the fear to people Like Falconer and Dry. Crane ND he saved many people from thugs that Infected the city throughout. The Bat’s Idea of Justice was to save people, and maybe reach a peace In his heart from a life wasted, sitting In the type of rot his father always wished to cure Gotcha of. Henry Ducal tells Bruce that Justice Is balance: an eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth. As an example Ducal burns down Wayne Manor because Bruce had burned down Ducat’s house. â€Å"Consider us even,† Ducal said. According to Ducal, Justice and revenge are one and the same. However Brace’s Love, Rachel Dates responds very Nintendo to Bruce when he says he wanted to kill the man who murdered his parents because they deserved Justice. Rachel says that there Is a difference between Justice and revenge: â€Å"Justice Is about harmony,† compared to â€Å"revenge Is about making yourself feel better. At the end, Bruce rejects Ducat’s definition of Justice and tells Rachel she was right: â€Å"Justice Is about more than revenge. † However the man who murdered Brace’s parents was killed but not by Bruce. Falcon says that the power of fear Is the kind batman essay By mathematical hinge that he is punishing criminals for, so instead of falling to the dark, and twisted path, he flees the League of Shadows, leaving a destroyed †Å"DODOS’ behind him; a path corrupted Gotcha, a place his father had set to save, was now in the hands of Bruce Wayne, the Batman. Batman brought the fear to people like Falconer and Dry. Crane and he saved many people from thugs that infected the city throughout. The Bat’s idea of Justice was to save people, and maybe reach a peace in his heart from a life wasted, sitting in the type of rot his father always wished to cure Gotcha of. Henry Ducal tells Bruce that Justice is balance: an eye-for-eye and tooth-for-tooth. As an parents because they deserved Justice. Rachel says that there is a difference between Justice and revenge: â€Å"Justice is about harmony,† compared to â€Å"revenge is about making yourself feel better. † At the end, Bruce rejects Ducat’s definition of justice and tells Rachel she was right: â€Å"Justice is about more than revenge. † However the man who murdered Brace’s parents was killed but not by Bruce. Falcons says that the power of fear is the kind How to cite Batman essay, Essays

Effect of HMG- Coa Lyase Deficiency-Free-Samples for Students

Question: You will research your selected Disease using Primary Literature, and Construct a written report that Describes the Diseases Biochemical basis Compared to a Healthy Individual's Biochemistry, Methods of screening, and both Current and Future treatment Options. Answer: HMG- CoA lyase deficiency also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency is a disorder that is inherited and is not common1. This disease was first explained by Faull in the year 1976 and it is reported that every 1 individual in 1, 00,000 is suffered by this disease12. HMG- CoA lyase ( HL) is an enzyme that is present in the mitochondria and catalyzes the reaction in which HMG-CoA breaks down into acetyl CoA and acetocetate4. This is the finalstep of the ketogenesis process and catabolism of leucine.This disease involves a lack of processing an amino acid called as leucine in the mitochondria which helps in the formation of proteins14. In this disorder the body is also not able to make ketones in the liver which play an important role in providing energy by being used up in the body during fasting that is lack of food3. This disease is screened during the birth of the child. It leads to various symptoms such as lethargy, vomiting, low sugar in the blood also known as hypoglycemia, metabolic acidosis in which the toxic compounds combine together and increase the acidity of blood, infection and coma1. This paper demonstrates the comparison of biochemical aspects of the patients suffering from HMG- CoA deficiency with the biochemical aspects of a healthy individual. It also demonstrates the methods of screening the disease and the current and the future treatment options. According to the researchers, around 60-70% of the new born patients suffer from the deficiency of HMG CoA Lyase enzyme and around 30 % of the neonatal babies suffer during the period between 2nd and 5th day from the day they are born16. The patients also suffer from symptoms similar to Reye syndrome such as encelopathy, hepatomegaly and hyperammonemia. A deficiency in the HMGCL gene leads to HMG-CoA lyase deficiency5. HMGCL gene plays an important role in the formation of an enzyme 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase (HMG-CoA lyase) and also helps in the processing of leucine and breaking proteins and fats to provide energy to the body18. A decrease in the activity of HMG-CoA lyase occurs due to the mutation in the HMGCLgene and hence it becomes difficult for the body to process leucine and form ketones in a proper manner19. Due to the inability of processing of leucine, it results in the accumulation of different byproducts that are chemical in nature and can lead to metabolic acidosis. A lack of ketones leads to a low level of glucose in the blood of the patient which leads to a damage in the cell and the tissues specifically in the central nervous system7. A healthy individual has a HMG- CoA lyase enzyme that is encoded by the HMGCL gene that is present on chromosome number one19. The pancreas and the liver of the healthy individuals have the highest activity of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme. The pancreas has a high capacity of ketogenic activity and moderate activity in skeletal muscle and the testis. It helps in providing energy to the individuals and prevents hypoglycemia and metabolic acidosis. It also prevents the accumulation of toxic substances in the blood21. In a normal healthy individual, ketones act as a minor substrate to provide energy to the myocardium. During starvation, intake of diet rich in fats and the proteins, ketones get utilized in a proper manner. But during the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme, the substrates that provide energy that is ketones get reduced leading to the dysfunction of myocardium. Beta oxidation of fatty acids produce ketones and 60-90% of the energy is provided to myocardium and the energy that is remaining is provided by glucose6. The utilization of mitochondrial enzyme regulates the uptake of fatty acids and prevents the accumulation at intracellular level. But the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme impairs this regulatory process and leads to cytotoxicity of myochondria and dysfunctioning which leads to the accumulation of fatty acids at intracellular level22. In a normal healthy individual, carnitine plays an important role in the normal functioning of the myocardium. Fatty acids get transported from the mitochondria into the cytosol for beta- oxidation by a process known as carnitin palmitoyltransferase shuttle system24. Carnitine also has various other function such that it helps in scavenging the free radicals, helps in the metabolism of amino acids that are branched-chain, acts as a cofactor in the oxidation of fatty acids that are long-chain and also the process of nuclear transcription23.But during the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme, there is an occurrence of the deficiency of secondary carnitine due to the esterification of free carnitine to 3-methylglutarylcarnitine5.It has been reported that Levo-carnitineplays an important role in the dilatation process of left ventricle and the increase the rate of survival in patients suffering from dilated cardiomyopathy2. Screening of the newborn babies is crucial to test whether he or she is suffering from any disease as they can be deadly and lead to the death of the baby if left untreated. Some newborns also suffer from the diseases they dont have any family history. Screening of the deficiency of HMG- CoA enzyme in the deficiency of newborn babies is done by using a technique known as tandem mass spectrometry27.If the results show an increase in the level of C5-OH (3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine) it is possible that the newborn is suffering from the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme28.If the results appear to be positive doctor should immediately check the clinical condition of the newborn and consult with a doctor specialized in this field. A urine organic analysis or plasma acylcarnitine analysis on the newborn baby is performed to confirm the deficiency of HMG- CoA enzyme26. Supportive care should be provided to such patients which is specialized care to get relieved from pain and stress, both physical and mental30. It involves various doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals to work in collaboration to help the patient in managing the disease and the treatment by the patients .The parents and other family members should be given a proper counseling and psychosocial care to the patients in order to improve emotional health and get rid of pain, anxiety, distress and low self esteem developed due to the disease8.Various other tests such as genetic testing that is the testing of DNA is also performed to check for the genes that cause the disease29. In Ontario, a heel- prick is used to collect the blood sample from the newborn babies and check for the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme and various other diseases21. Testing of DNA is also performed in women who are pregnant to check for the presence of disease in the fetus by using Chorionic Villus Sampling which is a specialized test30. It is mainly done during the 10th and the 12th week of pregnancy. A process called as amniocentesis is also performed to check for the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme23. It involves collection of fluid using a needle from the sac present around the fetus. This test is performed during the 13th and 20 th week of pregnancy11. Sometimes testing of the urine sample of the baby is also performed to check the level of acid and other toxic substances10. However, countries having a greater number of the disease, the newborn babies are also screened for various mutations such as such as c.122GA, c.109GT and c.504_505delCT in Spain, Saudi Arabia and P ortugal4 The parents of the newborn patients should be counseled and provided psychosocial care to prevent depression and anxiety if their newborn baby suffers from the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme. The treatment method for the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme lasts for a life time if detected29. It is a difficult procedure to cure the disease in a complete manner. However, if the treatment is provided early and in a careful manner it can lead to normal growth and development of the newborn and cure the disease to a great extent but there is no permanent cure of the disease14. If there are no serious complications during the diagnosis of the disease, it takes less time to get better in the newborns and when they become adults, they are diagnosed with the absence of symptoms related to the disease. It requires proper guidance, management and monitoring of the disease for the well being of the newborn baby by the nurses, clinicians, dieticians, geneticists and other health care professionals30. There are various treatment methods for the deficiency of HMG-CoA lyase such as nutritional therapy in which the patients are advised a diet having low leucine and high content of carbohydrates, calories and protein to achieve metabolic balance and develop proper growth and development23. These patients are also advised the supplementation of L-Carnitine to remove the toxic substances from the body from the urine by the excretion process18. However, L-Carnitine plays an important role in the prevention of development of diseases related to the muscles of the heart27. In the acute phase of the disease which depends on the symptoms of the patient, glucose is administered by intravenous means to control low sugar level in the blood and bicarbonate to prevent acidosis13. Maintenance therapy is also advised to new born patients to remove the toxic substances in the body by providing a balanced diet containing specific fat and proteins. It is recommended to prevent fasting during an acute phase of the disease and the main aim of nutritional therapy is to avoid excess catabolic activity, low blood sugar levels and metabolic acidosis18. Monitoring of the amino acids present in plasma and growth of the infant is essential at regular intervals to make sure that the intake of leucine and proteins is adequate12. The deficiency of leucine leads to low weight gain, irritation, loss of hair, loss of appetite and skin rashes10. If the intake of leucine is in excess it may accumulate organic acids to in the body leading to metabolic acidosis9. For younger children, a formula of routine infant is used to provide an adequate amount of leucine by giving milk which contains a natural protein10. The plasma samples should be taken after the meal is taken by the patients.The patient might suffer from the disease complications despite of adequate nutritional therapy if the newborn baby suffers from any kind of infection such as viral infection, ear infection or gastroenteritis2. It becomes essential to maintain the homeostasis at biochemical level. There has been research going on various novel methods of treatment for this disease such as studying various components in urine by using NMR- spectroscopy technique and MRI of brain2. It can be concluded that HMG- CoA lyase deficiency is a rare inherited autosomal disorder1. It involves the lack of processing an amino acid called as leucine present in the mitochondria which helps in the formation of proteins. In this disorder the body is also not able to make ketones in the liver which play an important role in providing energy by being used up in the body during fasting that is lack of food. This disease is screened during the birth of the child. During the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme, the substrates that provide energy that is ketones get reduced leading to the dysfunction. Screening of the deficiency of HMG- CoA enzyme in the deficiency of newborn babies is done by using a technique known as tandem mass spectrometry.If the results show an increase in the level of C5-OH (3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine) it is possible that the newborn is suffering from the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme. The treatment method for the deficiency of HMG- CoA lyase enzyme lasts for a life time if detected. Newborn babies suffering from deficiency of HMG- CoA enzyme require nutritional therapy and supportive care that is specialized care provided by the nurses, clinicians and other healthcare professionals. Various novel methods of treatment for this disease have been researched such as studying various components in urine by using spectroscopy technique and MRI of brain to check the abnormal peaks and diagnose the disease. References Wst, R. C., Visser, G., Wanders, R. J., Houtkooper, R. H,Ketones and inborn errors of metabolism: old friends revisited.2017; 1-2. 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